Hepatoprotective effects of black grapes (Vitis vinifera) seed extract against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats

Abstract

Black grape (Vitis vinifera), seeds extract is a rich source of flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and oligomer which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Silymarin is a flavonolignan complex derived from the seeds and fruits of Silybum marianum, a milk thistle. It is originally used to treat a variety of liver illnesses and dysfunctions, including as hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis (due to drug or viral infection), and hepatic issues associated with diabetes. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a xenobiotic that is extensively used to cause oxidative stress and is one of the most commonly utilized hepatic toxins in the laboratory to induce liver injury. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of grape seed extract (GSE) and silymarin against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats. Mature wistar rats were separated into five equal groups (each with six rats) and given the following treatments: Group 1 was retained as a control group and given normal saline orally; group 2 was kept as a control positive and administered CCL4 (1.0 mg/ kg b.w.) orally the day before to produce liver toxicity. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was given to group 3 on a daily basis. GSE daily oral dose (100 mg/kg) was given in Group 4. Group 5 received a combination of silymarin (50 mg/kg) and GSE (100 mg/kg) treatments. A considerable increase in serum levels of aminotransferases (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase was generated by CCl4 (ALP). Results shows that there is decrease in level of ALT (25.00±3.464) and AST (114±6.489) in Group 5 as compared to groups G2, G3 and G5, while ALP was decrease in Group 5 (118.67±10.68) as compare to G2, G3 and G4. Sample of blood were collected at 0 day and after administration of recommended doses treatment according to experimental protocol. The hematology results shown that there was increased level of RBCs 5.51±0.081 in G5 compare to other groups, WBCs was increased in G4 compare to other groups, Hb was increase in G5 compared to other groups. Histopathological analysis was accompanied by taking sample of liver. The data was statistically analyzed by using ANOVA.