Effect of Pesticide Residues on Agriculture Crops

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive and integrated image of the application of pesticides to This review provides a comprehensive and integrated image of the application of pesticides to plants and their impact on metabolism and development. Agrochemicals aimed at increasing crop yields and protecting crops from pests were introduced decades ago. New pesticides are commercialized and used to support crops every year causing numerous side effects and increased the investment cost for the protection of crop production. Free biological chemical farming is also gaining more support, but it is still insufficient to cope with massive food demand. Particularly in tropical regions and southern countries, the use of agrochemicals, including pesticides, remains a popular practice. DDT, HCH, and Lindane, which are inexpensive and persistent in the atmosphere, are no longer used in agriculture in developed countries, but they are still widely used in developing countries. As a result, food is contaminated by residual traces of these chemicals and dispersed into the atmosphere. The aim of this review was therefore to analyze the early application of the impact of pesticides from germination to planting growth, phycological and biological alterations in various enzymatic pathways, and non-enzymatic antioxidants, which ultimately affect yield and result in residues in plants, vegetables, and fruits.